Ship s compass



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

T. C. KNUDSBN 8v A. NRI-IOLM.

SHIPS COMPASS. No. 457,161; Patented Aug. 4, 1891.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet. 3. T. C. KNUDSBN & A. NRHOLM.

.SHIPS COMPASS.

No. 457,161. Patented Aug. 4, 1891.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

T. C. KNUDSEN 8u A. NRHOLM. SHIPS COMPASS. No. 457,161. Patented Aug. 4,1891.

(No Model.)

LA n fw ey THE NOEMI PLIERB C0., PNDYKHJTNCL, WASWNGTUN, D4 C.

UNITED STATES PATENT lOmmen.

TEODOR CORNELIUS KNUDSEN AND ANTON NRHOLM, OF COPENHAGEN,

. r DENMARK.

SHIPS COMPASS.'

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 457,161, dated August4, 1891.

Application tiled April13, 1889. Serial No. 307,178. (No model.)Patented in England Merch 9, 1889, No. 4,182 in France May 1,1888,1lo.183,458; in Italy May 2,1889,No. 25,047; in Norway July l5,1889, No. 1,252 in Austria-Hungary September 13, 1889, No. 10,572; inSweden October 31, 1889, No. 2,027, and in Germany December 16, 1889.No. 50,029.

To all whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that we, THEoDoR CORNELIUS KNUDSEN and ANTON NRHoLM,citizens of Den mark, and residents of Copenhagen, Den- A mark, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inShips Compasses, (for.which we have obtained Letters Patent in the following countries: inFrance, No. 183,458, issued May 1, 1889; in Germany, No. 50,029, issuedro December 16, 1889; in England, No. 4,182, is-

sued March 9, 1889 g in Austria-Hungary, No.

10,57 2, issued September 13, 1889; in Italy, No.

25,047, issued May 2, 1889; in Sweden, No.

2,027, issued Octoberl, 1889, andin Norway,

I5 No. 1,252, issued July 15, 1889,) of which the following is aspecitication.

It is well known that for the purpose of removing the so-called localattractions on the sll'ips compass, caused by the great quantities ofiron in vessels, permanent magnets of diiferent size and streng-th havebeen arranged adjacent to the compass. The manner in which thesepermanent magnets were arranged heretofore was connected with nu- 2 5merous and quite serious disadvantages, the principal one of which wasthat the Compasses had to be regulated very frequently, which isconnected with more or less Adiiiculties and requires considerable time,and, furthermore,

3o the first adjustment of the magnet was quite difficult.

The object of our invention is to provide an improved compass in whichthe semicircular deviation and the heeling error are ob- 3 5 viated oratleast decreased.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a vertical longitudinalsectional view of a binnacle provided with our improvements. Fig. 2 isan elevation of astandard in the bin- 4o nacle for holding the deviceused for removing the semicircular deviation and heeling error. Fig. 2Lis a plan view of the same.

Fig. 3 is a side view of a compass-casing provided with our improved devicesformoving the quadrantal deviation, ig. is

view of one-half of thewsame, the compass-VY casing not being shown.Fig. 5 is a plan view of the compass-card. 6 is a side view of the same.Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the Inagnet-supportingframe, and Fig. 8 isaside 5o View of. one of the magnets.

Similar letters of reference indicate correspending parts. e

The tube Ais open` at the top and closed at the bottom and provided witha baseB, which base is secured to the bottom of the v. casing of thecompass, or said base may be screwed into the bottom of saidcompass-casing. The said tube A is provided with the two longitudinalslots C and O', through 6ov which slots the lugs of two slides D D2 onthe tubular standard pass, said slides being provided with thebinding-screws E E2 for locking them at any desired elevation. Saidscrews engage nuts FF2 in the interior of 65 the tube A and are adaptedto slide up and down with the slides. Each slide forms a bearing I or l2for one or more bar-magnets G G2, which are adjusted centrally `on theslides and held in place by means of the 7o binding-screws 'Hll2 in saidslides. These magnets serve only for removing the semicirculardeviation. When the slides are moved up and down, the magnets at alltimes remain in horizontal position.

In addition to the above-mentioned slides,

a third slide D3 is arranged in the tube and can be locked at anydesired elevation by means of the screw E3, passing through averticalslot in the tube and passed through a 8o block F3 on the outside of thetube. The slide D3 serves to hold the vertical magnet Gr3 in the line ofthe axis of the tubeA, which magnet serves only for removing the heelingerror. The slide D3 is provided with a suit- 85 able bearing or supportfor the said vertical magnet D3, which magnet is held in place andsupported by the binding-screw H3.

For removing the qnadrantal deviation caused by the local attractions wearrange a 9o series of soft-iron cylindrical rods in a circle andhorizontally around the compass, some of which rods are verticallyadjustable. As lgngg as the soft-iron rods are in a common flibizontalplane and also in the plane ofthe magnetic needle, the setting power ofthe needle is increasedfor the reason that said iron rods are made ofverysoft iron and are ind uced a 45mm by the cal-this magnetism and alsoby the magnetism of the' needle. Magnetic poles are thus formed in saidiron rods, which coact on' the rose with the natural magnetic poles ofthe earth, and thus increase the power of the rose to set in thedirection north-south. It is well known that in any soft iron magneticpoles are very easilyformod by induction.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, A4 represents a compass-casing; B5, B5, andB7, the soft-iron rods; C4, a vertically-adjustable horizontal ring inwhich the rods B5, B5, and B7 rest. D4 are stems which connect theringC4 with the hub E4, said hub surrounding a screwspindle F4 on the underside of the compasscasing, and in said arms a nut G4 is mounted to turn,so that by turning said nut the ring C4 can be raised or lowered inrelation to the compass. The two diametrically opposite iron rods B7 arenot to participate in the movement of the ring C4, and for this reasonrest in a supporting-plate G5, projecting from arms H4, which are adjustably fixed by means of screws I5 to the under side of the casing,`said screws passing through the segmental slots I4 in the under side ofthe compass-casing. The rods will only rest in their notches in the ringC4 when said ring is in its highvest position. The prongs between thenotches in the supporting-plate G4 project for all positions of saidring C4 upward between the iron bars B5 B6 B7 and are supported by thering C4, so that said ring C4is compelled to follow the plates G whenthe same are adjusted laterally. For the rods BG suitable notches areprovided in the supporting-plate G4, which notches are lower than thebearings for 'the rods B7. The rods B5 rest in notches in the ring C4,so that when said ring is lowered in relation to the supporting-plate G4the remaining rods can descend with the ring and vsaid rods B6 remain inthe notches in the supporting-plate G4. The rods B6 are surrounded byrings K4,secured to rods L4,passing through suitable apertures in thering C4, which rods arey surrounded by spiral springs N 4, the npperends of said springs resting against the under side of the arms H4 andtheir lower ends against the heads on the lower ends of said rods. Saidsprings serve to draw the rods B6 downward and at all times press themupon their bearings or notches. When the ring C4 is brought to itshighest position, as shown in Fig. 3, all the rods B5 B5 B7 are arrangedaround the compass-easing in a horizontal plane, in which plane is alsothe needle. If the ring O4 is lowered, then the plane described by theseveral rods will not be horizontal, but will form a curved surface, thetwo curves of which are diametrically opposite to each other and thecurvature of which increases proportionately to the distance that thering C4islowered. During the time that the ring C4 is beinglowered therods B5 at all times remain horizontal and radial to the compass. Thetwo curves formed by the rods B5 and B7 by the lowering of thefring C4together cause a devjation of the compass-needle in the courses N E, SE, S W, N W, which deviation increases correspondingly with the increaseof the curvature of the said curves and with the distance that the ringC4 is lowered, and this deviation can be utilized for neutralizing thequadrantal deviation produced by the local attractions, providing thatthe semicircular deviation has first been neutralized when the ship isin the courses N E, S WV or N W and S E, or vice versa. The ring C4cannot only be raised and lowered for neutralizing the quadrantaldeviation, but with the supporting-plates G4 the rods B5 B5 B7 can beadjusted laterally around the compass. If; the quadrantal deviation inthe ship is plus, the rods are so adjusted that the rods B7 aretransverse to the axis of the vessel. If, on the contrary, thequadrantal deviation is minus, the binding-screws that hold the arms H4are loosened and the arms H4 and the ring C4 are turned until the rodsB7 are parallel with the''longitudinal axis of the vessel, and then theparts are locked in place. It' masses of iron are arrangedunsymmetrically in the body of the/vessel, a deviation occurs, which isknown as the constant E. To neutralize this deviation, thc slots I4 areprovided in the arms H4 to permit of adjusting the arms H4 and the ringC4 to the right or left, according as the constant E is plus or minus. p

Referring to Figs. 9 to 12, the paper disk R is fastened to a ring S ofvery thin angle sheet-iron. The ring S is connected with the cap T atthe center of the rose by the tubes V V2, the walls of which are made asthin as possible. To each tube V V2 a T-shaped dependent bracket W isfastened, the crosspiece of which is arranged below the rose andparallel with the same. Each cross-piece is provided with a series ofapertures for receiving the compass-needle y. For the purpose ofavoiding soldering the compass-needles on the cross-pieces, whereby themagnet-ic properties of the needles might be interfered with,

the needles have notches z, as shownin Fig.

12, into which notches the edges of the apertures in the cross-pieces Wpass. The crosspieces Ware made hollow of sheet-iron, as shown in Fig.11, for the purpose of making them strong and as light as possible.

Having thus described our' invention, we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination, with a compass-casing, ofa ring of iron rods surrounding the same, and means for adjusting someof the' rods vertically, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a ships-compass casing, of a ring of iron rodssurrounding the same, and supporting-plates for holding some of therods, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a ships-compass casing, of a ring of iron rodssurrounding the same, means for adjusting some of the rods higher thanothers, and means for turning Ipo the rods and supporting devices of thesaine around the casing, substantially as set forth.

4. rFhe combination, with a ships-coinpass casing, of a ring surroundingthe same, iron rods on said ring, and means for adjusting the ring,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a ships-compass casing, of a ring surroundingthe same, iron rods on said ring, supporting-plates having steppednotches for supporting said iron rods, and means for adjusting the ringvertically, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with a ships-coinpass casing, of a ring surroundingthe same, ahub connected by arms with said ring, a screw projecting fromthe bottom of the casing, and a nut arranged within a slot of said huband engaged with the threadof the screw, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with a ships-compass casing, of a screw projectingdown from the same, a hub on said screw, a ring supported by arms fromsaid hub, iron rods held by said ring, a nut mounted in the slot of thehub and engaging the screw, arms supporting some of said rods, andstepped notches on the. top edges of said supporting-plates,substantlally as set forth.

8. In a ships compass, the combination of a tubular standard providedwith slots, slides provided with lugs engaging said slots, barmagnetssupported on said slides, set-screws passing through said slidesand slots, and nuts on the interior of said standard engaged by saidset-screws.

9. A rose for a shi ps compass, consisting of a frame composed of a ringS, diametrical tubes V V2, dependent T-shaped brackets W, connected withsaid tubes and provided with apertures, notched needles supported 1nsaid brackets in said apertures, and a disk supported on said frame.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

THEODOR CORNELIUS KNUDSEN. 'ANTON NRHOLM.

` Witnesses:

O. R. LEVRING, WILH. PIEFFER.

